Michigan - Wikipedia. State of Michigan. Nickname(s): . House delegation. Republicans. 5 Democrats (list)Time zones . The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning . The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as . The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The state has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. High Tunnel Initiative Brings Local Foods to Detroit. Be real careful putting up a high tunnel in Detroit even if you. The opportunities to develop this program to provide fresh produce to school lunch and senior. High Tunnel Events; Publications; Links; Research; Supplier Directory; Video Library; About. Contributors; National Contacts; Hightunnels listserv; Home . High Tunnels Supplier Directory. When the University of Michigan-branded No. 88 Axalta race car debuted at NASCAR’s Pure Michigan. They’re part of a therapeutic program called Open Heart Magic that comes to the hospital once a week to give kids the. Seasonal High Tunnel Educational Initiative for Detroit and Wayne County Educational resources and workshops sponsored by the Southeast Michigan Resources Conservation & Development Council will help ensure the. After the defeat of France in the French and Indian War in 1. British rule, and was finally ceded to the newly independent United States after the British defeat in the American Revolutionary War. The area was organized as part of the larger Northwest Territory until 1. Michigan became part of the Indiana Territory. Eventually, in 1. Michigan Territory was formed, which lasted until it was admitted into the Union on January 2. The state of Michigan soon became an important center of industry and trade in the Great Lakes region and a popular immigrant destination. Though Michigan has come to develop a diverse economy, it is widely known as the center of the U. S. While sparsely populated, the Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination as well as its abundance of natural resources, while the Lower Peninsula is a center of manufacturing, services, and high- tech industry. History. The three nations co- existed peacefully as part of a loose confederation called the Council of Three Fires. The Ojibwe, whose numbers are estimated to have been between 2. The Ojibwe were established in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and northern and central Michigan, and also inhabited Ontario, northern Wisconsin, southern Manitoba, and northern and north- central Minnesota. The Ottawa lived primarily south of the Straits of Mackinac in northern, western and southern Michigan, but also in southern Ontario, northern Ohio and eastern Wisconsin, while the Potawatomi were in southern and western Michigan, in addition to northern and central Indiana, northern Illinois, southern Wisconsin and southern Ontario. Other Algonquian tribes in Michigan, in the south and east, were the Mascouten, the Menominee, the Miami, the Sac (or Sauk), and the Fox, and the non- Algonquian Wyandot, who are better known by their French name, the Huron. The first Europeans to reach what later became Michigan were those of . The first permanent European settlement was founded in 1. P. Marie, Michigan as a base for Catholic missions. Lessons from Michigan; Journal Articles. Penn State High Tunnel Extension Program. Year three research on tomato production in High Tunnels in New Jersey. High Tunnels & Cold Frames. Harvest more and extend your growing season by building your own high tunnel greenhouse (hoop building) or growing shelter using our high quality cold frames. We have many styles and configurations. From the National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition. To Read the full article go to: http:// When does sign-up end?Jesuit missionaries were well received by the Indian populations in the area, with relatively few difficulties or hostilities. In 1. 67. 9, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle built Fort Miami at present- day St. In 1. 69. 1, the French established a trading post and Fort St. Joseph River at the present day city of Niles. Cadillac had convinced King Louis XIV's chief minister, Louis Ph. Cadillac's wife, Marie Th. The town quickly became a major fur- trading and shipping post. While the original building does not survive, the congregation of that name continues to be active today. Cadillac later departed to serve as the French governor of Louisiana from 1. French attempts to consolidate the fur trade led to the Fox Wars involving the Meskwaki (Fox) and their allies versus the French and their Native allies. At the same time, the French strengthened Fort Michilimackinac at the Straits of Mackinac to better control their lucrative fur- trading empire. By the mid- 1. 8th century, the French also occupied forts at present- day Niles and Sault Ste. Marie, though most of the rest of the region remained unsettled by Europeans. France offered free land in an effort to attract families to Detroit, which grew to 8. Montreal and New Orleans. Under the 1. 76. 3 Treaty of Paris, Michigan and the rest of New France east of the Mississippi River passed to Great Britain. By 1. 77. 8, Detroit's population was up to 2,1. Quebec. Most of the inhabitants were French- Canadians or Native Americans, many of whom had been allied with the French. Because of imprecise cartography and unclear language defining the boundaries in the 1. Treaty of Paris, the British retained control of Detroit and Michigan after the American Revolution. When Quebec split into Lower and Upper Canada in 1. Michigan was part of Kent County, Upper Canada. It held its first democratic elections in August 1. Newark (now Niagara- on- the- Lake). Questions remained over the boundary for many years, and the United States did not have uncontested control of the Upper Peninsula and Drummond Island until 1. An attempt to retake Detroit resulted in a severe American defeat in the River Raisin Massacre. This battle is still the bloodiest ever fought in the state and had the highest number of American casualties of any battle in the war. Ultimately, Michigan was recaptured by Americans in 1. Battle of Lake Erie. An invasion of Canada which culminated in the Battle of the Thames was then launched from Michigan. The more northern areas were held by the British until the peace treaty restored the old boundaries. A number of forts, including Fort Wayne were built in Michigan during the 1. Britain. The population grew slowly until the opening in 1. Erie Canal connecting the Great Lakes and the Hudson River and New York City. The new route brought a large influx of settlers, who became farmers and merchants and shipped out grain, lumber, and iron ore. By the 1. 83. 0s, Michigan had 8. A Constitutional Convention of Assent, led by Gershom Mott Williams, was held to lead the territory to statehood. Congress awarded the . Michigan received the western part of the Upper Peninsula as a concession and formally entered the Union on January 2. The Upper Peninsula proved to be a rich source of lumber, iron, and copper. Michigan led the nation in lumber production from the 1. Railroads became a major engine of growth from the 1. Detroit the chief hub. A second wave of French Canadian immigrants settled in Michigan during the late 1. Lake Huron side of the Lower Peninsula, such as the Saginaw Valley, Alpena, and Cheboygan counties as well as throughout the Upper Peninsula with large concentrations in Escanaba and the Keweenaw Peninsula. The state was heavily Republican until the 1. Michigan made a significant contribution to the Union in the American Civil War and sent more than forty regiments of volunteers to the federal armies. Modernizers and boosters set up systems for public education, including founding the University of Michigan (1. Ann Arbor in 1. 83. Michigan State Normal School, (1. Eastern Michigan University, for the training of teachers. In 1. 89. 9, it became the first normal college in the nation to offer a four- year curriculum. Michigan Agricultural College (1. Michigan State University in East Lansing, was founded as the pioneer land- grant college, a model for those authorized under the Morrill Act (1. Many other private colleges were founded as well, and the smaller cities formed high schools late in the century. Many individuals, including Ransom E. Olds, John and Horace Dodge, Henry Leland, David Dunbar Buick, Henry Joy, Charles King, and Henry Ford, provided the concentration of engineering know- how and technological enthusiasm to start the birth of the automotive industry. Like the steamship and railroad, it was a far- reaching development. More than the forms of public transportation, the automobile transformed private life. It became the major industry of Detroit and Michigan, and permanently altered the socio- economic life of the United States and much of the world. With the growth, the auto industry created jobs in Detroit that attracted immigrants from Europe and migrants from across the United States, including those from the South. By 1. 92. 0, Detroit was the fourth- largest city in the US. Residential housing was in short supply, and it took years for the market to catch up with the population boom. By the 1. 93. 0s, so many immigrants had arrived that more than 3. Over the years immigrants and migrants contributed greatly to Detroit's diverse urban culture, including popular music trends, such as the influential Motown Sound of the 1. Grand Rapids, the second- largest city in Michigan, is also an important center of manufacturing. Since 1. 83. 8, the city has also been noted for its furniture industry and is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies. Grand Rapids is home to a number of major companies including Steelcase, Amway, and Meijer. Grand Rapids is also an important center for GE Aviation Systems. Michigan held its first United States presidential primary election in 1. With its rapid growth in industry, it was an important center of union industry- wide organizing, such as the rise of the United Auto Workers. In 1. 92. 0 WWJ (AM) in Detroit became the first radio station in the United States to regularly broadcast commercial programs. Throughout that decade, some of the country's largest and most ornate skyscrapers were built in the city. Particularly noteworthy are the Fisher Building, Cadillac Place, and the Guardian Building, each of which is a National Historic Landmark (NHL). In 1. 92. 7 a school bombing took place in Clinton County; the Bath School disaster, which resulted in the deaths of 3. U. S. After World War II, housing was developed in suburban areas outside city cores; newly constructed U. S. Interstate Highways allowed commuters to navigate the region more easily. Modern advances in the auto industry have resulted in increased automation, high tech industry, and increased suburban growth since 1. Michigan is the leading auto- producing state in the US, with the industry primarily located throughout the Midwestern United States, Ontario, Canada, and the Southern United States. Detroit is the centrally located metropolitan area of the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the second- largest metropolitan area in the U. Experience with growing tomatoes in high tunnels: What about crop rotation? If that is the case, growers should consider movable tunnels or containers to overcome crop rotation challenges. Posted on November 1. Ron Goldy, Michigan State University Extension Tunnels have made a big impact on production, especially for many small- scale producers. High tunnels have the potential of season extension, improving yield and quality and making organic production possible for many crops, especially a crop like tomatoes that can be difficult to produce organically in our climate. This is the second report on my observations from seven years of conducting high tunnel tomato trials at Michigan State University’s Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (SWMREC) in Benton Harbor, Mich. If growers have suitable sized equipment, they may shape and cover beds with plastic mulch. Other growers plant through holes cut in weed- inhibiting ground cloth. Both systems work, but both have limitations and the disadvantage of restricting crop rotation. Even without being watered directly, weeds grow between rows in a raised bed, plastic- mulched, high tunnel system. Growers need to contend with these between row weeds through herbicides or cultivation since their roots will eventually find the water and nutrients supplied through the drip irrigation. Ground cloth solves this problem (except immediately around the plant), but it will have to be removed at the end of each season so soil can be worked the following year. The biggest disadvantage of both approaches is that if the producer wishes to grow only tomatoes or a limited number of crops, how do they practice crop rotation? Despite what manufacturers claim, tunnels are not easy to move unless they are small. Some small units are on skids and can be moved by chaining them to a tractor. Others are on a rail system (Photo 1) twice as long as the tunnel, allowing the tunnel to be moved along the rail providing the possibility of an every- other- year rotation, or longer if they can extend the rail system. However, most tunnels have legs anchored in the ground and can only be removed and replaced with some difficulty, impeding crop rotation. Photo 1. A high- tunnel system using a rail system to aid in crop rotation. Photo credit: Ron Goldy, MSUEAnother way to solve the rotation problem is to grow in poly bags or buckets (Photo 2), essentially rotating soil, allowing growers to keep tunnels stationary. Buckets are more expensive ($3 to $5 each depending on size, color and quantity) and will last longer, but should be emptied and sterilized before using them again with the same crop. Poly bags are inexpensive at around $0. Photo 2. Container- grown tomatoes using 5 gallon buckets or poly bags. Photo credit: Ron Goldy, MSUEAn additional expense with containers is filling and placing them in position. Pre- filled bags are available for a price ($2 to $4 depending on size, quantity and soil mix). Be sure to get a mix suitable for long season production – the cheapest bags from your local big box store will not work. Growing mixes with high organic matter may lead to some nutrient deficiencies (copper) rarely seen when growing in soil. I have used the same containers and same soil for two years with no observed problems as long as they are fertilized with a balanced fertilizer and micronutrients. Containers and soil used a second year will have a significant amount of weeds that will need to be removed before planting the new crop. Used growing media can be spread on an area of the farm needing organic matter and then planted to an unrelated crop. For high tunnel research reports generated by Michigan State University Extension at SWMREC, go to the SWMREC Annual Reports website and look at the Annual Reports starting in 2. For more information on commercial vegetable production, contact .(Java. Script must be enabled to view this email address) at 2. Related MSU Extension articles. This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit http: //www. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit http: //www. To contact an expert in your area, visit http: //expert. MSUE4. MI (8. 88- 6. Related Events Related Articles Related Resources.
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